Formal Language and Automata Theory

OBJECTIVE:

- Introduce   the student to   the concepts of Theory of computation in computer science

-The students should    acquire insights into the relationship among formal languages, formal Grammars and automat.

UNIT – I:

Finite Automata: Why Study Automata Theory? The Central Concepts of Automata Theory, Automation, Finite Automation, Transition Systems, Acceptance of a String by a Finite Automation, DFA, Design of DFAs, NFA, Design of NFA, Equivalence of DFA and NFA, Conversion of NFA into DFA, Finite Automata with E-Transition, Minimization of Finite Automata, Mealy and Moore Machines, Applications and Limitation of Finite Automata.

UNIT-II:

Regular expressions: Regular Expressions, Regular Sets, Identity Rules, Equivalence of two Regular Expressions, Manipulations of Regular Expressions, Finite Automata, and Regular Expressions, Inter Conversion, Equivalence between Finite Automata and Regular Expressions, Pumping Lemma, Closers Properties, Applications of Regular Expressions, Finite Automata and Regular Grammars, Regular Expressions and Regular Grammars.

UNIT – III:

Context Free Grammars: Formal Languages, Grammars, Classification of Grammars, Chomsky Hierarchy Theorem, Context Free Grammar, Leftmost and Rightmost Derivations, Parse Trees, Ambiguous Grammars, Simplification of Context Free Grammars-Elimination of Useless Symbols, E- Productions and Unit Productions, Normal Forms for Context Free Grammars-Chomsky Normal Form and Greibach Normal Form, Pumping Lemma, Closure Properties, Applications of Context Free Grammars.

UNIT – IV:

Pushdown Automata: Pushdown Automata, Definition, Model, Graphical Notation, Instantaneous Description Language Acceptance of pushdown Automata, Design of Pushdown Automata, Deterministic and Non – Deterministic Pushdown Automata, Equivalence of Pushdown  Automata  and Context Free Grammars Conversion, Two Stack Pushdown Automata, Application of Pushdown Automata.

UNIT – V:

Turning Machine: Turing Machine, Definition, Model, Representation of Turing Machines-Instantaneous Descriptions, Transition Tables and Transition Diagrams, Language of a Turing Machine, Design of Turing Machines, Techniques for Turing Machine Construction, Types of Turing Machines, Church’s Thesis, Universal Turing Machine, Restricted Turing Machine.