Power System Operation and Control

Preamble:

This subject deals with Economic operation of Power Systems, Hydrothermal scheduling and modeling of turbines, generators and automatic controllers. It emphasizes on single area and two area load frequency control and reactive power control.

Learning Objectives:

<!--[if !supportLists]-->· To understand optimal dispatch of generation with and without losses.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->· To study the optimal scheduling of hydro thermal systems.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->· To study the optimal unit commitment problem.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->· To study the load frequency control for single area system with and without controllers

<!--[if !supportLists]-->· To study the load frequency control for two area system with and without controllers

<!--[if !supportLists]-->· To understand the reactive power control and compensation of transmission lines.

UNIT–I:

Economic Operation of Power Systems: Optimal operation of Generators in Thermal power stations, – Heat rate curve – Cost Curve – Incremental fuel and Production costs – Input–output characteristics – Optimum generation allocation with line losses neglected – Optimum generation allocation including the effect of transmission line losses – Loss Coefficients – General transmission line loss formula.

UNIT–II:

Hydrothermal Scheduling: Optimal scheduling of Hydrothermal System: Hydroelectric power plant models – Scheduling problems – Short term hydrothermal scheduling problem.

UNIT–III:

Unit Commitment: Optimal unit commitment problem – Need for unit commitment – Constraints in unit commitment – Cost function formulation – Solution methods – Priority ordering – Dynamic programming.

UNIT–IV:

Load Frequency Control-I: Modeling of steam turbine – Generator – Mathematical modeling of speed governing system – Transfer function – Modeling of Hydro turbine –Necessity of keeping frequency constant – Definitions of Control area – Single area control system – Block diagram representation of an isolated power system – Steady state analysis – Dynamic response – Uncontrolled case. Proportional plus Integral control of single area and its block diagram representation – Steady state response.

UNIT–V:

Load Frequency Control-II: Block diagram development of Load Frequency Control of two area system uncontrolled  case and controlled case. Tie-line bias control. Load Frequency Control and Economic dispatch control.