Water Resource Engineering I

Course Learning Objectives:

The course is designed to

• introduce hydrologic cycle and its relevance to Civil engineering

• make the students understand physical processes in hydrology and, components of the hydrologic cycle

• appreciate concepts and theory of physical processes and interactions

• learn measurement and estimation of the components hydrologic cycle.

• provide an overview and understanding of Unit Hydrograph theory and its analysis

• understand flood frequency analysis, design flood, flood routing

• appreciate the concepts of groundwater movement and well hydraulics

Course Outcomes

At the end of the course the students are expected to:

• have a thorough understanding of the theories and principles governing the hydrologic processes,

• be able to quantify major hydrologic components and apply key concepts to several practical areas of engineering hydrology and related design aspects

• develop Intensity-Duration-Frequency and Depth-Area Duration curves to design hydraulic structures.

• be able to develop design storms and carry out frequency analysis

• be able to determine storage capacity and life of reservoirs.

• develop unit hydrograph and synthetic hydrograph

• be able to estimate flood magnitude and carry out flood routing.

• be able to determine aquifer parameters and yield of wells.

• be able to model hydrologic processes

SYLLABUS:

UNIT I Introduction: Engineering hydrology and its applications, Hydrologic cycle, hydrological data-sources of data.

Precipitation: Types and forms, measurement, raingauge network, presentation of rainfall data, average rainfall, continuity and consistency of rainfall data, frequency of rainfall, Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves, Depth-Area-Duration (DAD) curves, Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP), design storm

UNIT-II Abstractions from Precipitation: Initial abstractions.

Evaporation: factors affecting, measurement, reduction

Evapotranspiration: factors affecting, measurement, control

Infiltration: factors affecting, Infiltration capacity curve, measurement, infiltration indices.

UNIT-III Runoff: Catchment characteristics, Factors affecting runoff, components, computation- empirical formulae, tables and curves, stream gauging, rating curve, flow mass curve and flow duration curve.

Hydrograph analysis: Components of hydrograph, separation of base flow, effective rainfall hyetograph and direct runoff hydrograph, unit hydrograph, assumptions, derivation of unit hydrograph, unit hydrographs of different durations, principle of superposition and S-hydrograph methods, limitations and applications of unit hydrograph, synthetic unit hydrograph.

UNIT-IV Floods: Causes and effects, frequency analysis- Gumbel’s and Log-Pearson type III distribution methods, Standard Project Flood (SPF) and Probable Maximum Flood (MPF), flood control methods and management.

Flood Routing: Hydrologic routing, channel and reservoir routing-Muskingum and Puls methods of routing.

UNIT-V Groundwater: Occurrence, types of aquifers, aquifer parameters, porosity, specific yield, permeability, transmissivity and storage coefficient, types of wells, Darcy’s law, Dupuit’s equation- steady radial flow to wells in confined and unconfined aquifers, yield of a open well-recuperation test.

UNIT VI Advanced Topics in Hydrology: Rainfall-runoff Modelling, instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) - conceptual models - Clark and Nash models, general hydrological models- Chow - Kulandaiswamy model.