C/C++ WITH DATA STRUCTURES

C Basics

History of C

Characteristics of C

C Program Structure

Variables
 Defining Global Variables
 Printing Out and Inputting Variables

Constants

Arithmetic Operations

Comparison Operations

Logical Operators

Order of Precedence

Conditionals

Conditionals

The if statement

The? Operator

The switch Statement

Looping and Iteration

The for statement

The while statement

The do-while statement

Break and continue

Arrays and Strings

Defining, initializing and using arrays

Single and Multi-dimensional Arrays

Arrays of Characters and Strings

Arrays and pointers

Strings

Functions

Role of Functions

Passing arguments to functions

Returning values from functions

Recursive functions

Call back functions

Implications on Stack

Pass by value / reference

Passing Arrays to functions

String Handling :

Basic String handling functions

String Searching

Character Conversions and testing :

Memory Operations:

Structures and Unions

Structures

Nested Structures

Array of Structures

Allocation of memory and holes

Unions

Further Data Types

Coercion or Type-Casting

Enumerated Types

Static Variables

Dynamic Memory Allocation & Dynamic Structures

Malloc, Sized, and Free

Calloc and Realloc

Advanced Pointer Topics

The purpose of pointers

Defining pointers

The & and * Operators

Pointer Assignment

Pointers with functions

Pointer Arithmetic

Advanced pointer types

Pointers to functions

Pointers to String

Pointers and Dynamic memory

Pointers and Structures

Common Pointer Pitfalls
 Not assigning a pointer to memory address before using it
 Illegal indirection

Storage Classes

Scope

Internal

External

Automatic

Static

Scope and extent of parameters

Low Level Operators and Bit Fields

Bitwise Operators

Bit Fields
Bit Fields: Practical Example

A note of Caution: Portability

The C Processor

#define

#undef

#include

#if – conditional inclusion

Preprocessor Compiler Control

Other Preprocessor Commands

Integer Functions, Random Number

String Conversion :

Arithmetic Functions

Random Numbers

String Conversion

Mathematics:

Math Functions

Math Constants

Input and Output (I/O) :

Reporting Errors

perror()

errno
 exit()

Streams
Predefined Streams
Redirection

Basic I/O
Formatted I/O
Printf

Scanf

Files
Reading and writing files

Sprintf and sscanf
Stream Status Enquiries

Data Structures

Linked Lists

Stacks & Queues

Binary Tree

Sorting & Searching Techniques

Insertion Sort

Merge Sort

Quick Sort

C++ Object Oriented

Object Oriented Paradigm

OOPS…!

Structured versus Object Oriented Development

Elements of Object Oriented Programming

Objects

Classes

Encapsulation

Data Abstraction

Inheritance

Polymorphism

Templates

Exception Handling

Moving from C to C++

Scope resolution Operator

Variables aliases(reference variables)

Parameters passing by References

Inline functions

Function Overloading

Default Arguments

Classes and Objects

Introduction

Structures and Classes

Class specification

Class objects

Class, Objects and memory resources

Accessing class members

Defining Member Functions

Outside member functions as inline

Accessing member functions with in class

Data Hiding

Passing Objects as arguments

Classes and Objects

Friend Classes

Static data members

Static Functions

Constructors and Destructors

Introduction

Need of the Constructor

Parameterized constructor

Constructor overloading

Constructor with default arguments

Name less objects

Copy constructors

New and delete operators

Dynamic initialization through constructors

Operator Overloading

Introduction

Over loadable operators

Unary operator overloading

Operator return values

Name less Temporary Objects

Limitations of Increment and Decrement Operators

Binary Operator Overloading

Overloading New and Delete Operator

Comparison Operators

Data Conversion

Conversion between Datatypes

Conversion between basic and Objects

Conversion between Objects of different classes

Assignment operator overloading

Overloading with friend functions

Inheritance

Introduction

Derived class declaration

Forms of inheritance

Member Accessibility

Constructors in derived classes

Overloaded Member functions

Abstract classes

Multilevel Inheritance

Multiple Inheritances

Hierarchical Inheritance

Multipath Inheritance

Virtual Base Class

Hybrid Inheritance

Virtual Functions & Polymorphism

Introduction

Need for virtual functions

Pointers of derived class objects

Definitions of Virtual Functions

Pure Virtual Functions

Dynamic Binding

Rules For virtual functions

Templates

Introduction

Function Templates

Overloaded Function Templates

Multiple Argument Function Templates

Class Templates

Class Templates with overloaded operators

Exception Handling

Introduction

Error Handling

Exception Handling

Try, throw, catch

List of Exceptions

Specified, Unspecified exceptions

Handling Uncaught Exceptions

Streams Computation With console

What are streams?

Console Streams

Unformatted, Formatted Console O/P

Manipulating Strings

Creating(string) objects

Manipulating String Objects

Relational Operations

String Characteristics

Object-Oriented Systems Development

Procedure-Oriented Development Tools

Object-Oriented Notations and Graphs

Steps in Object-Oriented Analysis

Steps in Object-Oriented Design

Implementation