Computer Architecture and Organization

OBJECTIVES:

• Understand the architecture of a modern computer with its various processing units. Also the Performance measurement of the computer system.

• In addition to this the memory management system of computer.

UNIT -I:

Basic Structure Of Computers: Functional unit, Basic Operational concepts, Bus structures, System Software, Performance, The history of computer development.

UNIT -II:

Machine Instruction and Programs: Instruction and Instruction Sequencing: Register Transfer Notation, Assembly Language Notation, Basic Instruction Types, Addressing Modes, Basic Input/output Operations, The role of Stacks and Queues in computer programming equation. Component of Instructions: Logic Instructions, shift and Rotate Instructions

UNIT -III:

Type of Instructions: Arithmetic and Logic Instructions, Branch Instructions, Addressing Modes, Input/output Operations

UNIT -IV:

INPUT/OUTPUT ORGANIZATION: Accessing I/O Devices, Interrupts: Interrupt Hardware, Enabling and Disabling Interrupts, Handling Multiple Devices, Direct Memory Access, Buses: Synchronous Bus, Asynchronous Bus, Interface Circuits, Standard I/O Interface: Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Bus, Universal Serial Bus (USB)

UNIT -V:

The MEMORY SYSTEMS: Basic memory circuits, Memory System Consideration, Read-Only Memory: ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash Memory, Cache Memories: Mapping Functions, INTERLEAVING Secondary Storage: Magnetic Hard Disks, Optical Disks,

UNIT -VI:

Processing Unit: Fundamental Concepts: Register Transfers, Performing An Arithmetic Or Logic Operation, Fetching A Word From Memory, Execution of Complete Instruction, Hardwired Control, Micro programmed Control: Microinstructions, Micro program Sequencing, Wide Branch Addressing Microinstructions with next –Address Field

OUTCOMES:

• Students can understand the architecture of modern computer.

• They can analyze the Performance of a computer using performance equation

• Understanding of different instruction types.

• Students can calculate the effective address of an operand by addressing modes

• They can understand how computer stores positive and negative numbers.

• Understanding of how a computer performs arithmetic operation of positive and negative numbers.