Environmental Engineering -I

Course Learning Objectives:

The course will address the following:

• Outline planning and the design of water supply systems for a community/town/city

• Provide knowledge of water quality requirement for domestic usage

• Impart understanding of importance of protection of water source quality and enlightens the efforts involved in converting raw water into clean potable water.

• Selection of valves and fixture in water distribution systems

• Impart knowledge on design of water distribution network

Course Outcomes:

Upon the successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

• Plan and design the water and distribution networks and sewerage systems

• Identify the water source and select proper intake structure

• Characterisation of water

• Select the appropriate appurtenances in the water supply

• Selection of suitable treatment flow for raw water treatments

SYLLABUS:

UNIT–I

Introduction: Importance and Necessity of Protected Water Supply systems, Water borne diseases, Flow chart of public water supply system, Role of Environmental Engineer, Agency activities Water Demand and Quantity Estimation: Estimation of water demand for a town or city, Per capita Demand and factors influencing it - Types of water demands and its variations- factors affecting water demand, Design Period, Factors affecting the Design period, Population Forecasting.

UNIT-II

Sources of Water: Lakes, Rivers, Impounding Reservoirs, comparison of sources with reference to quality, quantity and other considerations- Capacity of storage reservoirs, Mass curve analysis. Groundwater sources of water: Types of water bearing formations, springs, Wells and Infiltration galleries, Yields from infiltration galleries. Collection and Conveyance of Water: Factors governing the selection of the intake structure, Types of Intakes. Conveyance of Water: Gravity and Pressure conduits, Types of Pipes, Pipe Materials, Pipe joints, Design aspects of pipe lines, laying of pipe lines 

UNIT-III

Quality and Analysis of Water: Characteristics of water–Physical, Chemical and Biological-Analysis of Water – Physical, Chemical and Biological characteristics. Comparison of sources with reference to quality- I.S. Drinking water quality standards and WHO guidelines for drinking water

UNIT–IV

Treatment of Water: Flowchart of water treatment plant, Treatment methods: Theory and Design of Sedimentation, Coagulation, Sedimentation with Coagulation, Filtration

UNIT-V

Disinfection: Theory of disinfection-Chlorination and other Disinfection methods, Softening of Water, Removal of color and odours - Iron and manganese removal –Adsorption-fluoridation and deflouridation–aeration–Reverse Osmosis-Iron exchange–Ultra filtration

UNIT–VI

Distribution of Water: Requirements- Methods of Distribution system, Layouts of Distribution networks, Pressures in the distribution layouts, Analysis of Distribution networks: Hardy Cross and equivalent pipe methods -Components of Distribution system: valves such as sluice valves, air valves, scour valves and check valves, hydrants, and water meters–Laying and testing of pipe lines- selection of pipe materials, pipe joints