Utilization of Electrical Energy

Preamble:

This course primarily deals with utilization of electrical energy generated from various sources. It is important to understand the technical reasons behind selection of motors for electric drives based on the characteristics of loads. Electric heating, welding and illumination are some important loads in the industry in addition to motor/drives. Another major share of loads is taken by Electric Traction. Utilization of electrical energy in all the above loads is discussed in detail in this course. Demand side management concepts are also introduced as a part of this course.

Learning objectives:

<!--[if !supportLists]-->· To understand the operating principles and characteristics of traction motors with respect to speed, temperature,loading conditions.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·To acquaint with the different types of heating and welding techniques.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·To study the basic principles of illumination and its measurement.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·To understand different types of lightning system including design.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·To understand the basic principle of electric traction including speed–time curves of different traction services.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->· To understand the method of calculation of various traction system for braking, acceleration and other related parameters, including demand side management of energy.

UNIT – I:

Selection of Motors: Choice of motor, type of electric drives, starting and running characteristics–Speed control– Temperature rise–Applications of electric drives–Types of industrial loads–continuous– Intermittent and variable loads–Load equalization.

UNIT – II:

Electric Heating: Advantages and methods of electric heating–Resistance heating induction heating and dielectric heating – Arc furnaces – Direct and indirect arc furnaces

Electric Welding: Electric welding–Resistance and arc welding–Electric welding equipment–Comparison between AC and DC Welding

UNIT – III:

Illumination fundamentals: Introduction, terms used in illumination–Laws of illumination–Polar curves–Integrating sphere–Lux meter–Discharge lamps, MV and SV lamps – Lumen or flux method of calculation - Sources of light.

UNIT – IV:

Various Illumination Methods: Comparison between tungsten filament lamps and fluorescent tubes–Basic principles of light control– Types and design of lighting and flood lighting–LED lighting, principle of operation, street lighting and domestic lighting – Conservation of energy.