System software lecture notes

System software lecture notes in System software uploaded at P.R.Engineering college

System software lecture notes in System software at P.R.Engineering college uploaded by P.R.Engineering college Staff in lecturenotes.net

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UNIT I BASICS OF SYSTEM SOFTWARE AND ASSEMBLER     9

Introduction – System software and SIC/XE machine architecture - Basic assembler functions –Assembler algorithms and data structures – Machine dependent assembler features, Instructionformats and addressing modes – Program relocation – Machine independent assembler features –Literals – Symbol-defining statements – Expressions – Program Blocks – Control Sections andProgram Linking-Implementation examples MASM assembler.

UNIT II COMPILER- LEXICAL ANALYSIS, SYNTAX ANALYSIS    9

Phases of compiler-Lexical Analysis: Role of a Lexical analyzer, input buffering, specification andrecognition of tokens, Finite Automata, Designing a lexical analyzer generator, Pattern matchingbased on NFA’s. Syntax Analysis: Role of Parser, Top-down parsing, recursive descent and predictiveparsers (LL), Bottom-Up parsing, Operator precedence parsing, LR, SLR and LALR parsers.

UNIT III COMPILER- CODE GENERATION, OPTIMIZATION     9

Intermediate languages: graphical representations, DAGs, Three address code, types of threeaddress statements, syntax directed translation into three address code, implementation of threeaddress statements-Code Optimization: Machine dependent and machine independent codegeneration: Sources of optimization-Code Generation-Semantic stacks, evaluation of expressions,control structures, and procedure calls.

UNIT IV LOADERS AND LINKERS        9

Basic loader functions: Design of an Absolute Loader – A Simple Bootstrap Loader Machinedependent loader features Relocation – Program Linking – Algorithm and Data Structures for LinkingLoader. Machine-independent loader features – Automatic Library Search – Loader Options Loaderdesign options – Linkage Editors – Dynamic Linking – Bootstrap Loaders. Implementation examples:MSDOS linker.

UNIT V MACRO PROCESSORS & OTHER SYSTEM SOFTWARE    9

Basic macro processor functions – Macro Definition and Expansion – Macro Processor Algorithm anddata structures – Implementation examples: MASM Macro Processor- Text editors – Overview ofEditing Process - User Interface – Editor Structure – Interactive Debugging Systems – Debuggingfunctions and capabilities –Relationships with Other parts of the system – User Interface Criteria. -Virtual Machines

COURSE OUTCOMES:        TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

• Able to trace the path of a source code to object code and the to executable file
• To design the front end of the compiler-scanner, parser
• Understand and identify the relationship between system software
• Architecture and machine
• Analyze the functions of assembler, compiler, linker, and loaders
• Know the design and implementation of loaders and linkers

REFERENCES:

1. Leland Beck - “System Software – An Introduction to Systems Programming”, Third Edition,
Pearson Education, Inc., 2008
2. A.V. Aho, R. Shethi and Ulman; Compilers - Principles, Techniques and Tools, Second Edition, Pearson Education, 2002.
3. D. M. Dhamdhere, "Systems Programming and Operating Systems", Tata McGraw Hill Company,Second Edition, 2009.
4. John J. Donovan, “Systems Programming”, Tata McGraw Hill Company, Second Edition, 2000.
5. V. Raghavan, “Principles of Compiler Design”, Tata McGrawHill Education Publishers, 2010.
6. Srimanta Pal, “ Systems Programming “ , Oxford University Press, 2011.

INTRODUCTION 
• System Software  consists of a variety  of programs that support the operation of a computer.
• That makes  application program for the user without needing to know the machine works  internally.
• Text editor to create and modify the High Level language program .
• Compiler translated  programs into machine language.
• The machine language program was loaded into memory and prepared for execution by a 3
• Loader and Linker.
• Debugger can detect the error in the program
• We have used Macro instructions used assembly language into machine language.
 SYSTEM SOFTWARE AND SIC/XE MACHINE ARCHITECTURE
Software is set of instructions or programs written to carry out certain task on digital computers.
• It cab be classified into  
1. system software
2. application software
 System software consists of a variety of programs that support the operation of  a computer.
 Application software focuses on an application or problem to be solved.  
• Examples for system software are 
1. text editor 
2. compiler,
3. assembler,
4. loader or linker
5. debugger,
6. macro processor 
7.Operating system

1.Explain SIC machine architecture in detail.
2. Explain the Simplified instructional computer machine architecture
3. Describe the architecture of SIC machine.
4. Write short notes on the simplified instructional computer and explain its machine architecture.
5. Explain SIC Instruction format with necessary examples.
6. Explain in detail the different stages of the SIC machine architecture.

1.1 System Software and Machine Architecture

One characteristic in which most system software differs from application software is machine dependency.

EXAMPLE

• Assembler translates mnemonic instructions into machine code. The instruction formats, addressing modes etc., are of direct concern in assembler design. 
•  Compilers must generate machine language code, taking into account such hardware characteristics as
o  the number and type of registers and 
o the machine instructions available. 
• operating systems are directly concerned with the management of nearly all of the resources of a computing system.

1.2 The Simplified Instructional Computer (SIC)

Simplified Instructional Computer (SIC) is a hypothetical computer that includes the hardware features most often found on real machines.
 There are two versions of SIC, they are, 
1.standard model (SIC), and,
2.extension version (SIC/XE) (extra equipment or extra expensive).
Upward compatible

An object program for the standard SIC machine will also execute properly on SIC/XE system

1.2.1 SIC Machine Architecture

We discuss here the SIC machine architecture with respect to its Memory and Registers, Data Formats, Instruction Formats, Addressing Modes, Instruction Set, Input and Output

Memory 
• consists of 8 bit byte
• any 3 consecutive bytes form a word
• all addresses on SIC are byte addresses
• words are addressed by the location of their lowest numbered byte
• total of 215 bytes in the computer memory, that is 32,768 bytes

Registers

There are five registers, each 24 bits in length.

Their mnemonic, number and use are given in the following table.

Mnemonic Number Use
A 0 Accumulator; used for arithmetic operations
X 1 Index register; used for addressing
L 2 Linkage register; JSUB
PC 8 Program counter
SW 9 Status word, including CC

Data Formats

• Integers are stored as 24-bit binary numbers
•  2’s complement representation is used for negative values, 
• characters are stored using their 8-bit ASCII codes
•  No floating-point hardware on the standard version of SIC
Instruction Formats

Title:
System software lecture notes

Subject:
System software

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P.R.Engineering college

System software lecture notes

System software lecture notes in System software uploaded at P.R.Engineering college

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